Dataset: Average yearly extension rate, calcification rate, and density for each core sample from Porites cf. lobata coral at Palau's Rock Islands

Samples were collected from coral reefs of Palau's Rock Islands. Coral cores (N = 121) were taken using an underwater pneumatic drill equipped with a diamond-tipped drill bit powered by compressed air from a SCUBA tank. Cores ranged from 10 to 204 centimeters (cm) long, covering years from 1970 to 2014. Cores were dried in an oven and imaged using a Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Scans were analyzed using an automated computer program. Cores that displayed high levels of bioerosion, inconsistent banding patterns, partial mortality, or other deformities preventing accurate identification of annual growth bands, and as a result, correct identification of years corresponding to bleaching events, were excluded from analysis (N = 42). Of the remaining 80 cores, 11 had unsuccessful DNA extractions or failed other downstream genetic data filters, leaving 69 corals for final analyses. Coral samples were imported to the U.S. under CITES permit numbers: PW14-163, PW15-022, PW18-121. RAD-sequencing data are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under accession number PRJNA801929. Additional input data are available in the GitHub repository of H.E.R. at https://github.com/hrivera28/Palau_porites (DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.7953614).